Information and communication technologies have significantly reduced the costs of collecting and processing personal data. Some believe that the internet, biometrics, geolocation and RFID chips threaten our private lives at a level never reached so far: surveillance, identity theft, invasion of online marketing, etc. Other highlight the benefits of using personal data opening up new opportunities: personalisation of services, better targeted marketing, mobility services, etc. and contributing to economic growth. The aim of this book is to inform this current debate, obscured by industrial and partisan issues. Drawing on many examples, it takes stock of the economic reflection on the impact of the exploitation of personal data on the privacy and well-being of individuals. It proposes an assessment of institutional solutions to regulate these developments, from self-regulation to granting property rights to individuals over their personal data. This summary is therefore addressed to economists and lawyers, but more generally to all those who are passionate about this major societal debate.