The object of this thesis is the spatial dimension of social relationships which obtain in border areas. At the turn of 1990s, new international relations emerged from the collapsed stage of the Eastern bloc and the unsurpassed acceleration of the process of globalization. It was the development of capital without nationality in a world where borders would no longer signify anything. The world of a multitude of nations was coupled with a world in the grip of markets. This new context orientates and influences international politics, the nature and shape of relations between countries and populations, but also, national policies in security, in "management" of immigration and relations to foreigners. In a multiscalar approach and by recourse to various empirical methods (observations, discussions), the practices of the key economic players are studied in several field laboratories: The United States / Mexico, Spain / Morocco, Israel / Lebanon / Palestine. What is the role of borders in production and reproduction of socials relations? What do border relations and social practices of the border space reveal of social relations? What can we understand of balance of power and antipathetic polarity or not between players in asymmetrical situations as part of the social relationship? By a social geography and geopolitical approach, from the spatial dimension (border space) of sociopolitics and economics facts, this thesis proposes an analysis of social relations as a contribution to explaining international relations, conflicts, relationships of dominations and the role of borders asymmetries.