This masterpiece focuses on the integration of women into politics in Burundi. More specifically, it analyses some of the obstacles which limit the descriptive and substantial representation of women in politics in Burundi. Women have been increasingly involved in the country’s governance since the early 1990s. This new phenomenon in Burundian society has attracted my attention and I wanted to know whether the increase in the number of women in government contributes to improving the living conditions of women in this society. Thus, through the review of literature from scientific and non-scientific sources, I have been able to study the remarkable progress made by the many women in Burundi’s politics. Analysis of the content of second-hand texts enabled me to describe the living conditions of women in Burundian society. These living conditions suggest that there is a gap between the number of politicians and their influence on improving women’s living conditions. In other words, although there is progress in the descriptive representation of women in politics in Burundi, there is still a gap between their number and their influence. This tension is caused, on the one hand, by interlinked and complementary socio-cultural obstacles and, on the other hand, by political-ethnic obstacles.