the aim of this work is to challenge the process of juridification of indigenous peoples that has taken place since the 1980s and deepened in the 1990s in the Latin American region, in a context of internationalisation of the political uses of cultural categories. As a result of the theoretical discussion and the inquiry into secondary sources concerning the case of lithium extractivism in the north-west of Argentina, the relationship between human rights, indigenous peoples and extractivism is analysed, taking into account the mechanisms by which the demands and demands of the indigenous communities living in these territories are hehiculated.