Summary aims to explore the issue of forced sterilisation in the indigenous population, from the perspective of political sociology and in dialogue with medical anthropology, gender studies and human rights. Its methodology is based on a case study in which Mexican indigenous men were sterilised, and is complemented by a documentary review that allowed a theoretical comparative case to be built, starting with Peru, both of which were registered in the 1990s. The main finding is that forced sterilisation, although largely due to a policy of population control, in the particular case of the indigenous population, is also linked to the militarisation involved in the counter-insurgent struggle from the State to the guerrilla activity that characterised Latin America in the years.