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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.ygcaw3

>

Where these data come from
Modulation of the surge acoustic reflex by stimulating and relaxing music

Abstract

Music has the capacity to evoke and modulate emotions, divided by two dimensions: arousal (relaxing-stimulating), and valence (unpleasant-pleasant). Musical valence can be objectively measured by the acoustic startle reflex, a defensive reaction consisting of an eye blink provoked by a short and loud noise. This reflex is facilitated by unpleasant music and inhibited by pleasant music. However, the arousal effect while listening to music on the startle reflex remains unknown. This study therefore aims to explore the affective startle modulation by stimulating and relaxing music. In a within-subjects design, 47 participants listened to stimulating music, relaxing music and non-musical sounds. White noises (50 ms, 105 dB(A)) were added over the excerpts to induce startle while eyeblink magnitude and latency were measured by electromyography. Excerpts’ acoustic features were then extracted and compared through experimental conditions to explore their effect on startle modulation. Startle latency was longer in the stimulating condition compared to the relaxing one, but no differences in magnitude were found, partially confirming our predictions. Exploratory analyses suggest that startle modulation is also attributed to bottom-up processes of acoustic features, and that these latter impact differently magnitude and latency. In conclusion, this study highlights startle latency measure efficiently emotional arousal while listening to music, allowing future research to use the paradigm of affective startle reflex modulation to evaluate the effect of music on emotions considering individual factors, such as age and depression. It also paves the way for comparisons of the effect of emotions and acoustic features processes on the startle reflex modulation.

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