This article contextualize the construction of the paradigm of poverty reduction in the international agenda, as a determining framework for the implementation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCT) in developing countries. It is proposed a theoretical reconstruction of its conceptual framework in line of conditioning, targeting and investing in human capital, as key elements for their implementation in Latin America as the most suitable and recommended instrument for the reduction of poverty in the region. Finally, in the light of the Colombian case and its “Familias en Acción” CCT Program results, set scientific and political consensus in its favor. By this, it is presented a theoretical and critical reflection about poverty and the development discourse at the junction of the sociology of inequality and development economics