Vietnam is the second largest coffee producer worldwide. It is also the leading producer and exporter of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). Over the past decades, Vietnamese coffee cultivation has greatly intensified at the expense of the environment. In addition to deforestation, land degradation and the depletion of water resources, coffee growing is the source of environmental pollutions generated by the excessive use of agrochemical inputs. Moreover, nematodes in association with fungal pathogens are recognized as highly damaging for Vietnamese coffee growing. When replacing the less productive aging coffee trees, they are responsible for a mortality rate of up to 70 %. Therefore, this thesis aimed at studying the cultivable endophytic bacterial microbiota naturally associated with coffee trees in order to highlight its potential for use in the framework of a more sustainable Vietnamese coffee cultivation. During this work, eighty strains of endophytic bacteria from roots and seeds of coffee trees were isolated, identified and characterized. It has been shown that some strains are able (i) to express in vitro several plant growth promoting and antagonistic capacities towards pathogens and pests, (ii) to display some antifungal and nematicidal effects during direct confrontations with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, as well as the plant parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus duriophilus, and (iii) to reduce the harmful impact of nematodes on young coffee trees grown in nursery conditions by significantly reducing the number of nematodes in the roots.