Malaria is the first human parasitosis in terms of frequency and severity. Its control is one of the main goals of the Millennium Development Goals. Malaria, driven by an anophle mosquito, is cosmopolite, but is experiencing a particularly worrying epidemiological situation in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria is one of the main causes of infant mortality. The fight against malaria is based on a perfect knowledge of the vector, including in areas where it is present without transmitting the parasite, as in Europe at present, where it is not excluded to return... This book presents a summary of the identification and bio-ecology of anophle, from larvae to adults. It shows the vector capacity of the mosquito, the way Plasmodium is transmitted according to biotope and environmental conditions, and sets out the principles and methods of control. The book is aimed at students and researchers involved in the epidemiology of communicable diseases, as well as decision-makers and public health officers responsible for the prevention of communicable diseases. It is an up-to-date reference for anophles and antivectoral control.