In recent years, religious news, both media and scientific, has focused on its visibility in the public space. From this point of view, France maintains the image of a secular country, some of which would reflect a more limited tolerance than in its European neighbours of demonstrations of religious affiliation. Yet, at the time of the separation of churches and the state in 1905, spiritual assistance is already at the heart of the debate on the relationship between freedom of religion and the prohibition of public financing of religious beliefs. Spiritual assistance is intended for users who are forced to stay in a place of public service and thus deprived of access to a place of worship. This book proposes to analyse this long-standing issue from a contemporary perspective of religious pluralism and freedom of religion, in three places of public service: public secondary education, university and hospitals. The choice has been guided in particular by the need to update scientific work, but also by the particular emphasis on this problem of spiritual assistance. The various contributions are based on a legal, but also sociological, approach by returning field surveys. In addition to reflecting on the actual or supposed specificity of the French framework for regulating religious events, a central place is reserved for the systems of other European States.