There was a “humanities” moment in France in the 1960s, marked by the publication of the works of Louis Althusser, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan or Claude Lévi-Strauss. Based on the identification of sign systems that are necessary for the subject without his awareness, these works represent a major challenge for believers in the existence of a personal God accessible for human reason and freedom. Few Christians have been able to face such a challenge. Among them, in the forefront, as often in the past, a number of Jesuans, despite the crisis they face in France in the aftermath of the Vatican II concile. As the reception of the cosmic vision of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, who died in 1955, is developing as much as possible, Paul Beauchamp, Louis Beirnaert, Michel de Certeau, Joseph Moingt, Georges Morel, Eric de Rosny or François Roustang take the challenge seriously, at their risks and perils, and try to respond to them, less for apologetic reasons than for making a Christian voice heard in a concert which is largely foreign to him. In this season of belieful intelligence facing the structural paradigm, this book brings together a few queues for a future synthesis. He is part of a history of contemporary French Catholicism, and more specifically the Compagnie de Jésus. It should also be of interest to the curious story of an intellectual history of France in the 1960s.