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Article

French

ID: <

45VjbQSOAEkoQttcm5Aor

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Organisation and structuring of space: “local employment systems”. The example of the Atlantic Pyrenees

Abstract

We constantly use the splitting of the national territory into successive partitions: regions, departments, employment areas and municipalities without leaving to the areas we analyse the possibility of belonging to several subsets. This is particularly true of the area where commuting occurs, or alternately migrating. After we have examined the successive definitions of employment areas, urban areas, living basins, territorial units and countries, we will analyse the disadvantages that they present for an analysis of alternating migration, in particular the obligation of exclusivity for a municipality and of belonging to an area centred on a pole, with the corollary of spatial continuity. As “any act of representation” wrote Bailly (1992) is “an act of creation” and that “the reality, if it exists, only makes sense on the basis of our construction”, we will propose a new, more open approach to analysing alternating migration and employment areas in line with the concept of scope that we will call for: local employment systems or (SLE).Therefore, we will consider the municipal area as potentially subject to pull fields centred on each of the poles that will be defined: employment centres. A municipality is subject to several possible attractions and the resulting geographical areas, cluster by cluster, may overlap. The overall area, for example, departmental, no longer constitutes a partition, since a municipality may be in the field of basins and sub-basins. The methodology consisted of calculating the attraction or probability of being attracted for each cluster and for each of the municipalities attracted as the proportion of those who will work in the centre among the total assets that will work externally. Applied to the Pyrenees, this type of analysis has shown connections and inclusions of basins, a training in two very distinct sub-systems, one around Pau and the other around Bayonne, with a large intermediate area without migrants. Except for linear industrial basins, all basins have an aerolar shape. While the largest basins have five layers of concentric attraction, when descending in the urban hierarchy, the basins of order 2 are included in those of order 1: we move to four layers and so on to the city centre. There are very few overlaps from one layer to another, despite the presence of privileged roads and mountainous valleys; The departmental border constitutes a real border to the north and east and the overdensity of the Basque Country is found in the inclusion of basins, which can go up to four levels.

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