Evolutionary radiations are responsible for much of Earth’s diversity, yet the causes of these radiations are often elusive. Determining the relative roles of adaptation and geographic isolation in diversification is vital to understanding the causes of any radiation, and whether a radiation may be labeled as ‘adaptive’ or not. Across many groups of plants, trait-climate relationships suggest that traits are an important indicator of how plants adapt to different climates. In particular, analyses of plant functional traits in global databases suggest that there is an “economics spectrum” along which combinations of functional traits covary along a fast-slow continuum. We examine evolutionary associations among traits and between trait and climate variables on a strongly supported phylogeny in the iconic plant genus Protea to identify correlated evolution of functional traits and the climatic-niches that species occupy. Results indicate that trait diversification in Protea has climate associations along two axes of variation: correlated evolution of plant size with temperature and leaf investment with rainfall. Evidence suggests that traits and climatic-niches evolve in similar ways, although some of these associations are inconsistent with global patterns on a broader phylogenetic scale. When combined with previous experimental work suggesting that trait-climate associations are adaptive in Protea, the results presented here suggest that trait diversification in this radiation is adaptive. Protea_Trait_DataTrait data for all individuals used in this study.ProteaPhylogeniesPhylogenetic trees used in this study, including species trees from ASTRAL-II, SVDquartets, and RAxML, as well as 100 bootstrap trees from ASTRAL-II. Trees may also be found in the repository Data from: Anchored phylogenomics improves the resolution of evolutionary relationships in the rapid radiation of Protea L.; Mitchell N, Lewis PO, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Holsinger KE; Date Published: January 20, 2017; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vj32s