Latin America is presently living a huge exploitation of territories that were difficult to reach before. The international extractivist industry’s offensive, where Canada’s enterprises play a decisive role, produces many negative impacts on the life of people and concerning the rights of different populations (water contamination, toxic food, various mdiseases). Profoundly connected to their relation with earth and nature, Indigenous Peoples are especially facing a new phase of struggles to protect their territories and preserve the balanced style of life they wish to handle with nature cycle’s requests. In that respect, from a people’s emancipation perspective, Indigenous battles are several and innovative. Not only they criticize a dominant model of development, but they also question the absolute State’s power over development decisions, beyond the right of self-determination of peoples and their right to freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.