Following our work on childhood and circumcision in Kikuyu countries, we are investigating the age of adulthood and its new forms in contemporary Kenya. First of all, we quickly present the old ways of transition in adulthood (circumcision rites, marriage and birth of the first child) and the ethos that they registered with the impediments, i.e. the construction of traditional male and female ethos. We then see the difficulties young men and women face in meeting the social expectations of these statuses in a universe or land, and jobs (which are necessary to respond) are becoming ever more rare, whereas razzias — an alternative way of personal fulfilment — are no longer possible. We conclude by sketching the new forms of male and female that pentecotism and politico-religious groups offer. Indeed, we argue that some of their loose is due to the innovative — or neotraditional — forms of adult roles they present.