The paper considers educational values of traditional folk songs and dances in the teaching of musical culture in primary school. Their representation in music pedagogy is examined, and highlighted is the role of traditional folk songs and dances in musical and psychophysical development, especially in the development of moral and aesthetic components of the student's personality. The educational importance of the use of these contents in educational work is reflected in the acquisition of moral knowledge, formation of moral principles and acquisition of moral behaviour. The possibilities of aesthetic education are in perceiving, experiencing and evaluating musical elements of traditional songs and dances, their specifities and authenticity, as well as their role in enhancing musical creativity in students. The conclusion is that traditional songs and dances, as a genuine expression of national soul and an authentic indicator of national character, enable students to gain knowledge of their own national identity. They are of invaluable importance for musical and aesthetic education of primary school students.