Text Book
French
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Abstract
twenty years ago, the Law of 9 October 1981 granted freedom of association to foreigners by bringing them into the ordinary law governed by the 1901 Law. The measure has led to an effervescence of associations, the emergence of the Beeur movement and new forms of participation in public life, combining citizenship and ethnicity. This generation, which followed the generation of the 1970s, which was still oriented towards the country of origin, saw the emergence of associative elites with their media slogans, their business assets and their individual promotion strategies. With the exception of ‘affairs’ such as those of the headscarf, the Gulf War or the reform of the nationality code, this period was accompanied by a great inventiveness as regards methods of interpellation in the public space, as well as a hope for collective promotion through the transition from associations to politics. The next generation in the 1990s marks the maturing of the community community with a migrant background. It is the fall-back into social and local areas, around a associationism which is far removed from the upright of the Republic and from media coverage. The latter may have found a fairer tone, even though the crisis of civic mobilisation, the lack of mention, the instrumentalisation by the administration somewhat in the colonial way are hitting the vitality of this movement, competing with religious ethnic associations and seeking a European demand which it is not yet able to fully satisfy. What is complacency? By paraphrasing Sieyès, one could say that the “geopolitical” — the term of the actors themselves — like the Third State on the eve of the French Revolution, is a group “which aspires to become something”. Its successes, attempts and failures have given rise to new forms of mobilisation that showcase collective identities in a civic space. (Editor summary)