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English

ID: <

http://hdl.handle.net/10251/55165

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DOI: <

10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000245

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Placement, porosity and randomness of cube and Cubipod armor layers

Abstract

Although little attention is usually given to the armor porosity and armor randomness of randomly placed concrete armor units in mound breakwaters, significant model effects may occur if armor porosity and randomness are different for prototype and small-scale models. Armor randomness and porosity are easier to control in small-scale models because they are generally constructed by hand in dry and perfect viewing conditions; equipment and environmental constraints make control at prototype scale more difficult. Results from three-dimensional small-scale placement tests are analyzed when cube and Cubipod units are placed with a small-scale crawler crane and pressure clamps. Armor porosity was not workable below 37% for cubes and 35% for Cubipods; placement grids were obtained for feasible armor porosities, considering row settlements during construction as well. Amethodology to measure armor randomness using high-precision laser scanning, similar to terrestrial LIDAR, was tested with small-scale cube and Cubipod armor. Three armor randomness indexes (ARIs) measured the randomness of cube and Cubipod armor; the values for ARIs were higher for Cubipod armor than for cube armor. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the CDTI (CUBIPOD and CLIOMAR Projects), SATO-OHL Group (CLIOMAR Project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant BIA2012-33967). The third author was financially supported through the FPU program (Formacion del Profesorado Universitario) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte). The authors thank Tomas J. Perez for assisting with the 3D placement tests and processing the laser-scanner data, and Debra Westall for revising the manuscript. Pardo De Gregorio, V.; Herrera Gamboa, MP.; Molines Llodra, J.; Medina Folgado, JR. (2014). Placement, porosity and randomness of cube and Cubipod armor layers. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 140(5). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000245

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