Throughout evolution, plants have developed a sophisticated network of signaling pathways allowing the activation and regulation of immune responses. The identification of metabolic pathways which are involved in modulating the intensity of that immune responses is an important challenge in the field of plant-pathogen interaction. With this aim, we performed two genetic approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana against the disease caused by the hemibiotroph bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. We demonstrate that the regulation of two pathways, related between them, is crucial to activate an effective immune response. By means of a genetic screening of regulators components of plant immunity, we identified the mutant scs9 (suppressor of csb3) which shows an affected resistance that triggers a enhanced susceptibility to P.s. DC3000 through an independent pathway of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune response. The cloning and characterization of SCS9 reveals that it codes for 2'-O-ribose tRNA methyltransferase. Our results indicate that the SCS9-mediated methylation of nucleosides N32 and N34, located in the tRNAs anticodon loop, is crucial for the plant immunity effectiveness. On the other hand, with a chemical genetic screening of agonist molecules of the immune response, we identified the sulfonamides as priming inducer molecules that exhibit a faster and/or stronger activation of SA-related defense responses and enhanced resistance to P.s. DC3000. Analysis of the mechanism of action of these molecules reveals that synthesis and accumulation of folates exert a SA-independent negative control on the immune response to P.s. DC3000. Through comparative proteomic analysis we identified the 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate homocysteine methyltransferase 1 (methione synthase, here named as METS1), enzyme responsible of the methionine synthesis in the folate-dependent 1C metabolism and overaccumulated in scs9 mutants, as modulator component in the immune response to P.s. DC3000. We observed that the overexpression of METS1 in transgenic plants of Arabidopsis suppresses plant immune responses and promotes enhanced susceptibility to P.s. DC3000. This repressor effect is due to a genome-wide increase in DNA methylation level, which is mediated by the overaccumulation of METS1 and the consequent increase of folate-dependent methionine synthesis. Therefore, the findings of this work provide a deeper knowledge about the mechanisms by which the DNA methylation and epigenetic regulation exert an influence on plant immunity through folate metabolism, particularly by METS1, whose synthesis is regulated through specific tRNA modifications mediated by SCS9. TESIS