With the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), hunter-gatherers of the so-called Iberomaurusian techno-complex appeared in what is now the Mediterranean Maghreb. During a period of about seven thousand years, these groups left sandy occupation layers in a limited number of archaeological sites, while at the beginning of Greenland Interstadial (GI) 1, the sudden shift towards the deposition of shell-rich sediments and the increase in number of sites document clear changes in subsistence strategies as well as occupation density. It is highly likely that these shifts in human behaviour are related to paleoenvironmental changes in the area, which, so far, are poorly documented in geological and archaeological archives. Ifri El Baroud (Gunpowder Cave, northeast Morocco) contains a well-stratified archaeological sequence covering both phases of Iberomaurusian occupation separated by a sharp sedimentary change. In this paper, new chronological data and detailed investigations on site formation using sedimentology and micromorphology are presented. In addition, results of the analyses of fauna, pollen, macrobotanical remains, and phytoliths are included. This data contributes to a full-scale paleoenvironmental interpretation of the site’s archaeological deposits, highlighting the fluctuations of landscape conditions at the transition from the cold-arid Greenland Stadial (GS) 2.1 to the warmer and moister Greenland Interstadial 1. Permission to carry out new field research at Ifri El Baroud and to export sediment and micromorphological samples was granted by the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Partimoine of Rabat, Morocco. The excavation was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 57444011 – SFB 806. AMS Radiocarbon dates have been financed by the SFB 806 and the “Paleoplant” (ERC-CG-2013-SH6) Consolidator Grant. At the time of this research, AP was PhD candidate at the SFB 806 - University of Cologne. MP research has been funded by PALEOPLANT and EU Horizons 2020 MICROARCHAEODUNG (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-702529). YCM and JM are beneficiaries of a Ramón y Cajal research fellowship funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. Part of the charcoal analysis was performed with the financial support of a research technician contract to PVM (CPI-16-432) funded by the additional budget from the Ramón y Cajal research programme. The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and Taylor Otto for the editing of the English language.