This research has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (Project No. 1227582), the University of Reading, the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, the Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) of Koç University, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-702529 (Project MICROARCHEODUNG), and the Templeton Foundation (Award No. 52003 to I. Hodder). This chapter reports the results of the micro-contextual investigation of archaeological deposits in buildings and open areas excavated between 2009 and 2017 at Çatalhöyük. The main goal of this research is the contextual analysis of forensic-scale traces of occupation. Firstly, this investigation aims to assess the functional independence of houses through the microcontextual examination of floors and surfaces in and around buildings. Secondly, this study considers the issues of health and the built environment through the high-resolution analysis of occupation surfaces and accumulated residues in buildings and open areas within the settlement in order to explore concepts of space, discard practices, sanitation and health and the built environment.