Table of Honour of the Faculty of Higher and Post-Doctoral Studies, 2010-2011 In his draft constitution for Corsica (1765), Jean-Jacques Rousseau attaches unprecedented importance to Switzerland in modern times to the detriment of former officials, who are very present in his earlier texts. The purpose of this submission is to determine how Rousseau uses Swiss and Roman referents in this work. The reference to Switzerland replaces the reference to ancient Rome to illustrate the decadence of a virtuous people, but complements it as a model for public finances. When drafting the project, Rousseau is at a turning point in his relations with his home city. The association between Geneva and the Ancient Republics in its work is first addressed. He then turned to the portrait that he painted from the Swiss decadence to serve as a warning to Corsica. Finally, the public finances that Rousseau advocates are presented. He uses ancient Rome as a theoretical model and those of modern Switzerland as a practical model.