This study focuses on the autochthonous recovery movement in Quebec and specifically questions community recovery as a current trend, process and practice. It is based on an ethnography, carried out in 2005, in the innate Community of Unamen Shipu, on the Basse-côte-Nord du Québec. In that thesis, I question the various meanings of the ‘community’ healing for that people of nomadic hunters, which the Canadian Government forced in the 1950s to live in reserves. I am inspired by the theories of social suffering in anthropology and I question the recovery movement in an interpretative and critical way. Since the early 2000s, the Community of Unamen Shipu has experienced a major dynamism of recovery in the Community, with the introduction of sudden-tents rituals and a project of mixed therapies in the Territory with psychologists and older people. This recovery process generates important reflections in the Community on the innate tradition and identity, on intergenerational relations and on the legitimacy of the healing actors. This exploratory research focuses on discourse and experiences of social suffering and community recovery, but also on the dynamics of exchange and ownership with pan-Amerindian recovery networks. Finally, this study discusses the current dynamics of community recovery and its multiple challenges for the Innus: it deals more broadly with cultural innovations, resilience, resistance and decolonisation of the First Nations in the Canadian context.