International literature on paramedics reports a prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, in Quebec, paramedics have a high rate of debilitating work injuries as well as an important rate of early retirement for disability compared to the average of other emergency workers. The aim of this thesis was to explore the issue of occupational stress and theirs consequences among paramedics working in Quebec and using the activity model by Guerin et al. (1997). To achieve this, we conducted a questionnaire study, a laboratory study and a field study. The questionnaire was used to determine the presence or absence of psychosocial constraints and cardiovascular risk among 205 paramedics. The laboratory study allowed us to investigate the physical condition in 31 paramedics. As for the field study, it provided a better understanding of paramedics’ eating habits while at work in 40 paramedics. The main results from are: a lack of social support and an effort-reward imbalance, a prevalence of obesity that tends to increase over time, low cardiovascular condition which tends to decrease rapidly for night workers compared to day workers, good muscular strength, smoking. Also, we have demonstrated causal links between lack of support from hierarchy, a large consumption of tobacco, emotional eating desinhibition and increased body mass index during employment. The findings show that paramedics combine several risk factors for cardiovascular disease during their careers. In conclusion, it is important to emphasize the absolute need to develop primary interventions with both companies and paramedics.