Through a philosophical analysis of the concepts of history and truth, this dissertation aims at creating a dialogue between the works of two of the most important contemporary French philosophers: Paul Ricœur and Michel Foucault. Our main hypothesis is that through its history, the concept of subjectivity fluctuates between the will to know and the desire of understanding. These two positions, irreducible to one another, reveal the two methods under study: a genealogy of the subject ensuing from a historicization of the will of truth (Foucault) and a hermeneutics of the self based on a universal need for interpreting our finitude (Ricœur). Whereas Ricœur develops a philosophical anthropology focusing on the interpretive capacity of man, Foucault, for his part, criticizes our ‘anthropological age of the reason’ (i.e. modernity). Despite this apparent gap, however, both hermeneutics and genealogy prove to be based on a philosophy of finitude. The latter motivates a critical analysis of both the philosophy of history and its corollary, the philosophy of consciousness: Foucault and Ricœur thus offer opposite views of a common historical problematizing of subjectivity. In short, the purpose of this work is to investigate the notion of subjectivity without restraining it to the will to know which characterizes the humanities. We argue that the comprehension of the self depends above all on acknowledgment, which is considered here to be the actual anthropological foundation of ‘subjectivation’. To this end, a comparative analysis of different ‘veridiction’ practices (confession, promise, parrhesia) acts as a common ground in terms of ethics. However, this comparison does not aim at reconciliation. The idea is rather to reveal a blind spot by which it becomes possible to grasp the complementary aspects of these thoughts through what actually separates them: therefore, this thesis could be considered as a playful use of the distance. Key-words : Michel Foucault ; Paul Ricœur ; history ; truth ; hermeneutics ; genealogy ; philosophical anthropology ; epistemology ; ontology ; critic ; modernity ; structuralism ; objectivation ; interpretation ; comprehension ; self ; subject ; subjectivity ; subjectivation ; power ; ethics ; acknowledgement ; capacity ; veridiction ; testimony ; confession ; parrhesia ; promise ; care.