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Thesis

French

ID: <

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25801

>

Where these data come from
Neither Amerindian nor EuroCanadian: a neomoderne approach to culturalism in Canada

Abstract

Adopting a post-structuralist perspective in line with historical anthropology, this thesis examines the recent ethnicisation phenomenon involving groups from eastern Canada who designate themselves as “Métis”. The aim is to make sense of this event by considering it as a cultural process identified as “culturalism”. The study relies mainly on interviews conducted in various regions of Canada with individuals of French-Canadian descent who emphasize their native ancestry. Eastern Métis have started getting organized on the political scene within the last decades, and this has caused their perspectives to confront those of the dominant socio-cultural order. Indeed, the Canadian authorities express some serious reservations about this increasingly pressing call for recognition. Rather than considering solely the political and legal dimensions of this phenomenon, this research unveils cultural resistances as well as conflicting logics, world views and collective memories found on both sides of this complex dialectics. This thesis focuses on the study of the concerns of the Métis with regards to cultural continuity, especially when it comes to providing game and fish for food purposes. They are aware that certain essential aspects of their cultural heritage are now threatened, especially in a context of capitalist development that impacts on the sociopolitical scene. The Métis call upon their memory and express their collective awareness of change which they view as a modification of their specificities and that is in fact the cultural cause for their efforts towards ethnicity. Using a comparative and multi-sited approach as well as fieldwork data seldom exploited in eastern Canada Métis studies, this research sheds a new light on the phenomenon of ethnicisation. The post-structural perspective adopted here is meant to allow a better comprehension of the issues and challenges that eastern Métis have been confronted to since the nineteenth century. I discuss the way Métis culturalism can be considered as the moment when culturally specific collective action arises, in the face of particular events.

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