Vascular risk factors (VRFs) such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and smoking are important risk factors for cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders and dementia in otherwise healthy older adults. However, there is little knowledge about the influence of cerebrovascular diseases and VRFs on cognition in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive impairment and dementia are an important part of the clinical presentation of PD and have a considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potential risk factors for neuropsychological disorders in PD. VRFs offer many possibilities for intervention in clinical settings, since they can be modified and treated. Thus, the main objectives of this dissertation were to study whether VRFs contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia associated with PD, and if so, to specify the neuropsychological profile of MP patients with VRFs. The dissertation is divided into six chapters, each addressing a particular objective. Chapter 1 introduces the main concepts of the problem and presents the specific challenges of the study of the neurocognitive consequences of VRFs in the specific context of PD pathology and treatment. Chapter 2 is a systematic and critical review of the literature that presents the current knowledge on this issue, in addition to identifying and discussing the limits of the previous studies to guide the subsequent work of this dissertation. Chapter 3 presents a cross-sectional analysis including 139 PD patients that shows that the severity of smoking history is associated with lower global cognitive functioning, even in patients who quit smoking, and regardless of age and level of education. Chapter 4 presents an empirical study based on the longitudinal database of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and concludes that the number of years with a diagnosis of hypertension and high pulse pressure have deleterious effects on measures of episodic memory and semantic fluency. Chapter 5 presents the last empirical study of this dissertation and shows that a higher vascular burden is independently associated with worse performance on executive functions and episodic memory, both in a group of PD patients and a group of otherwise healthy controls. Finally, Chapter 6 presents a summary, an update and a critical discussion of the results obtained over the last five years.