The tremendous clinical need for the development of technologies to facilitate the regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs allowed the openning of tissue engineering field. The concept of vascular tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy in order to provide an alternative to animal models of vascular diseases. Engineered arterial models have the potential to be used instantly as an in vitro models of vascular tissue for the investigation of patho/physiological processes and as preclinical tests for drugs and devices. Many approaches exist in this area, each with its advantages and disadvantages but none of the approaches yet had a real success. With this in mind, the objective of this thesis was to design, develop and validate an easy and fast-to-prepare vascular wall model mimicking the natural artery structure. Briefly, an artery is composed of three layers, consisting of different cell types that confer each layer with certain properties and functions. These cells are embedded in extracellular matrix mainly composed of collagen. Based on the previous work of the Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering of Laval University, type I collagen gel was used as a three dimensional matrix; thanks to its strong potential to support and guide the vascular cells in the process of tissue regeneration in vitro. The objective was therefore to develop a tri-culture model based on collagen scaffold to closely mimic the cellular organization in tri-layers of native arteries. First, a flat model was developed and characterized. Then secondly, a new method for creating cellularized collagen tubes was developed. And finally, the development of a protocol for the establishment of a tubular tri-culture supported by a collagen matrix was designed and valided.