Thesis
French
ID: <
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33313>
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence. Several comorbidities are associated with obesity such as systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. The risk of these diseases increases with the severity of obesity and may even result in death. Indeed, development of these comorbidities can be attributed to excessive accumulation and distribution of adipose tissue, as well as ectopic adipose tissue deposition. Distribution of adipose tissue happens in a different manner in both sexes and acts as a determining factor in the predisposition to health risks in severely obese men and severely obese premenopausal women. Knowing that consequences of obesity are multiple, it is therefore necessary to manage and treat this disease appropriately. Management of obesity includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological as well as surgical approaches. In the context of severe obesity, bariatric surgery is the only treatment which allows both significant and sustained weight loss in addition to resolution of obesity related comorbidities. The first aim of this study was to assess the differences between severely obese men and women, in body composition, abdomen and mid-thigh body fat distribution and presence of comorbidities, such as systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. The second aim was to compare between men and women, the 6 and 12-month postoperative evolution of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) bariatric surgery, in terms of weight loss, body fat mobilization and resolution of the mentioned comorbidities. Our study results showed that 12 months following BPD-DS, there was no differences between men and women in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, men benefited from a greater decrease in body fat and in adipose tissue at both abdomen and mid-thigh level.