Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disease. Presently, it is an incurable disease without any effective treatment and is characterised by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the central nervous system. The symptoms that most patients display include cramps, weakness and muscle atrophy of the hands and feet progressing to the forearms, shoulders and legs, eventually leading to complete paralysis. Nearly 90% of all ALS cases are sporadic, with no known cause. The other 10% of cases represent familial ALS and are associated to ALS-linked genes, such as SOD1, FUS/TLS, TARDBP, and C9ORF72. The skin is considered by some to be the biggest organ of the human body. It plays an important role in thermoregulation as well as vitamin D synthesis. Skin also acts as a natural barrier against environmental threats. It is comprised of the epidermis and the dermis, which are made of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, among other things. The non-cell autonomous toxicity paradigm in ALS has been well established. Outside of the central nervous system, skin fibroblasts could potentially be an important source of biomarkers. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that skin cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes, derived from ALS patients, allow for the study of different pathological aspects of the disease. The use of a tissue-engineered skin from ALS patients skin cells allows for detection and observation of extracellular matrix structure abnormalities, as well as mislocalization of TDP-43, previously only detected in the motor neurons of patients. Results from experiments associated with this study shed more light on skin fibroblasts, which appear to be a potential source of novel biomarkers. Their secretome can be purified using an optimized protocol leading to pure proteins without salt contamination coming from the cell culture media. As a result, exosomes are of great interest for the discovery of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of ALS, for following its progression, and for the culture of fibroblast cells. When cultivated in a 3D-fashion, the secreted exosomes contain molecules enhancing cell proliferation and migration, as well as high amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. These extracellular vesicles also help to enhance wound healing in a tissue-engineered model made of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Finally, the SOD1 protein, which is associated with the development of some familial ALS cases, should be considered a potential neuropathological biomarker of sporadic ALS. Cytoplasmic aggregates of the misfolded protein were detected in the motor neurons of sporadic patients, alongside familial ALS patients who were carriers of an SOD1 mutation. Overall, this work shows that skin cells represent an important and minimally invasive biological sample in the study of ALS. These cells are also of interest in the discovery of novel ALS biomarkers. Exosomes secreted by skin fibroblast cells in a 3D culture are important in cell proliferation and migration. They play a crucial role in extracellular matrix protein secretion. The results of this study show that exosomes, proven to be secreted by dermal fibrobasts when cultivated in a 3D fashion, may become as a primary source of biomarkers in ALS. Cytoplasmic aggregates of misfolded SOD1 in motor neurons of sporadic ALS patients could lead to the development of diagnostic tests with SOD1.