Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998. Very little research has been done at the interface between organizational culture (OC) and national culture (NC), despite the fact that the two concepts share much conceptual overlap. This study was designed to assess the possibility that OC can be measured using theoretical constructs parallel to the constructs of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism (H/V-I/C), which have been identified at the level of NC. It was also predicted that good outcomes will result for individuals who perceive that there is high congruence between the dominant form of OC and NC. An OC scale was developed and administered in a single large manufacturing organization to 200--260 employees at each of four subsidiary plants in the U.S., Mexico, India, and Poland. Perceptual measures of two human resource practices (continuous improvement, and empowerment), and seven other organizational variables (satisfaction with coworkers, supervisors and the work itself, stress, commitment, job withdrawal and work withdrawal) were also measured. Hypotheses regarding the relationship of those variables to the OC variables were formulated based on the theory of H/V-I/C. Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations (SIFASP) was conducted to determine whether or not the hypothesized four factor structure fit the data adequately. Two correlated factors were extracted from the data from the four samples: organizational individualism (orgind) and organizational collectivism (orgcol). Both OC variables were strongly associated with most of the organizational variables in most of the countries. Orgind was associated with continuous improvement efforts in all samples except for India. Orgcol was associated with empowerment in all samples except for Mexico, and satisfaction with coworkers in all samples. There was moderate support for the hypothesis that the remaining organizational variables were associated with orgind in the more individualist samples (the U.S. and Poland), and orgcol in the collectivist samples (India and Mexico). In regression analyses, the individual level measures of NC were only associated with work withdrawal. Discussion relates to possible alternative measurement techniques which may result in better measurement properties and more discriminable factors, further development of the OC scales by including additional cultural constructs, and practical applications of such a scale. U of I Only Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDs