In this article, we address the impact that postmodernist philosophy has had on contemporary Latin American archaeological thinking. It also sets out the issue of the practice and commitment of social sciences, particularly from archaeology, in the search for objective scientific knowledge. We consider this to be a necessary epistemological issue given the impact of post-modern trends associated with the ‘end of history’ (Fukuyama, 1995) and the denial of the existence of an objective reality, which, through their metaphysics, circumvent the commitment to knowledge and, consequently, to the socio-economic and socio-political development of the human being. This will seek to stimulate reflection between post-modernity and reality in the political context of archaeology, in particular from the Andes; and directly link the past to the present by means of techniques that record and analyse it without dissociating scientists from their broad social environment; environment involving a commitment to knowledge in its practice: companies.