Há long time the uniqueness of man has been emphasised. It was mentioned that other species do not make tools, do not produce culture, do not have personality, and are not able to teach intentionally. However, it has been discovered that this is not the case. Today we know that animals know the foundations of culture, language and even politics. What does Homo sapiens mean? Some modern anthropologists and biologists avoid such issues. On the other hand, many representatives of the social sciences ignore the changing luggage of human beings. Could we assume that in the process of developing societies and adapting to local conditions, culture has outpaced developments based solely on natural factors? For example, why has Christianity triunfled in Rome, while the genties supported the worship by force and health? Have Christians been persecuted in an unimaginable number of ways, excluded from their communities, and still why their power of influence was so immense? Such questions may have been formulated by religious sociologists or historians, but would a biologist formulate them? This is the question of Robert Boyd, Professor of Human Evolution at Arizona State University, USA. Boyd is not afraid of controversies and at the same time is very open to criticism. In an almost literal sense. Your book A different kind of animal. How culture transformed our species (2017) is not only a vehicle for Boyd’s ideas on the role of culture in human development, but also a space for debate.