Today we know, from studies in social sciences and developmental neurobiology, that the environment in the early years of human development determines the behavior of health (physical and mental), learning and behavior of the individual for life. We also understand how experience regulates, during the first years of life, the function of normal genes. The functions of the genes determined in the first years of life are very difficult to change. Some societies are beginning to value the importance of early human development for the future quality of their population. Initiatives should be consistent with the recommendations contained in Chapter 5 of the Report of the WHO Commission on Health Determinants. To achieve this, we must provide equity from the beginning.