Gender distinctions in cognitive activity are a relatively new and more «hot area». Do we engage in the study of gender distinctions of neurobiology, cognitive, personality height, social behavior and set by a question: gender neuroаnаtоmy is a fate? Or can we be untied to biology of gender distinctions? How do we do a choice? What do we follow? In a cognitive sphere it is possible to consider set the fact of presence of sexual distinctions in verbal, spatial and mathematical capabilities. For women verbal flairs are better developed, and for men - spatial and mathematical. Gender differences exist at genetic level. Interestingly, that if inactivation of у-chromosome takes place at development of girls, then a х-chromosome is present and in a masculine embryo. The high percent of maintenance of genes of х-chromosome provides the generation of albumen participating in forming of brain. Some of these genes are involved in organization of higher cogitative activity, since verbal skills and social behavior ending certain intellectual capabilities. Scientists name a х-chromosome the «hot point» of cognition. So, exactly a woman chromosome forms the intellect of both men and women. The mutations of chromosomes cause psychical and cogitative rejections. As is generally known, men do not have a reserve х-chromosome, and her damage results in corresponding consequences. As is generally known, men do not have a reserve х-chromosome, and her damage results in corresponding consequences. If the х- chromosome of woman is damaged, it is frequently possible to expect no consequences. This fact serves as the weightiest evidence that х- chromosome are involved in-process brain. So, a spare х-chromosome in a woman organism is a nocifensor at strongest stress situation, defeats of CNS, strokes etc. Frontal stakes are functionally different for men and for women. Probably also, that left and right frontal stakes functionally are very different for men and in less degree for women. Thus extremely improbably, that these functional differences are limited to distinction between a language and unverbal processes. Masculine and woman strategies of making decision are different, and the lateralization of functions of frontal stakes is also different for them. Masculine and woman strategies of making decision are different, and the lateralization of functions of frontal stakes is also different for them. It was known a long ago, that structural, biochemical and functional distinctions between hemispheres are stronger expressed for men, what for women. Therefore must not surprise, what functional distinctions more than between two woman frontal stakes between two masculine frontal stakes. The riddle of cognitive distinctions between genders can appear one of such problems, that needs to be carried from an empiric sphere in the sphere of the developed theoretical disciplines.