Mining is the main economic sector that generates incomes for Ecuador; however, the hard ergonomic work and use of chemicals affect the ecosystem and human health. Heavy metals have specific characteristics of bioaccumulation and bioavailability in the human body by altering the physiology of neuronal synapses, respiratory alveolar membrane, locomotor system and alterations in the genetic system and cell dysplasia. So this study examines the effects on human health of individuals and their relation to mining activities by exposure to certain toxic pollutants as risk factors for miners, population of Portovelo Canton, province of El Oro-Ecuador. This activity is traditionally performed without following biosecurity actions both in the mine, narrow and hot tunnels, in the transport of material, also in processing plants where gold, silver, and other metals are processed becoming constant danger. The results of this study show health problems affecting the locomotor system, nervous system and congenital problems. Its severity depends on the dose, age, time of exposure, ways of exposure and environmental, nutritional and genetic factors.