Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the history of the construction of strategic roads in the Western border strip of the USSR in the context of Soviet mobilization training in the 1920s. The subject of the study is the influence of mobilization training on decision-making and dynamics of road construction in the Western border strip of the USSR. The purpose of the work is to show the main directions and results of the influence of mobilization training on road construction in the Western Border Strip of the USSR. Methodology. A set of documents of the central and regional archives of the Russian Federation was analysed on the basis of the integration of general scientific, special and auxiliary methods. Results. The dynamics of the construction of strategic roads depended on assessments by the military department of a specific territory as a potential theater of operations. Strategic roads in the threatened zones of the Western border strip of the USSR were built as a priority. In 1924–1927 the length of strategic roads in the Western border zone of the USSR increased by 20% and it was required to increase by another 60%. Mobilization training revealed the desire of the governments of the republics of the Western border strip of the USSR to use their border position to expand the road network within the republican territory. Operational decisions on the conduct of road construction of strategic importance, the search for sources of its financing stimulated the reorganization of the road administration in the country and the introduction of shared participation of budgets of all levels in the mobilization preparation of the military-civil infrastructure of the Western border strip since the late 1920s. Practical implications. The results of the study can contribute to understanding the mobilization policy of the Soviet state of the interwar period.