The coast Moroccan between pressures of the present and future requirements, Essaouira coastal case (Morocco). The coastal area, is undergoing profound changes, Essaouira, like a large part of the Moroccan coast, is becoming a preferred destination for national and international investors. Under these conditions, the coast of Essaouira and its hinterland have been marked in recent years by the urban extension of the city of Essaouira, the opening of new urban residential areas (ZHUN) outside the city, the construction of a seaside resort, tourist projects and basic infrastructure. These projects have environmental impacts: deforestation and forest degradation, destruction of dunes, flood risk, pollution of the river and the sea, sand encroachment. Face these changes in fragile environment, what strategy should be conducted to organize space and guarantee sustainable development? It seems that the integrated management of coastal zone and its hinterland is a challenge that should enable both the exploitation of local resources, preserve of the environment and ensure sustainable development.