Nowadays, we are constantly talking about “self-optimisation”, underlining that the technical means to shape oneself are highlighted – “enhancement”, “life logging” and “self-tracking”, “quantified self” are common keywords. Less attention is paid to traditional forms of self-training, and in particular to the rampant transformation of traditional lessons and psychotherapeutic practices into self-optimisation areas. It is precisely this change, most often unnoticeable, that this article explores. He raised the question of moving the boundary between recovery, on the one hand, and the improvement of a life of the soul under no circumstances suffering, ‘abnormal’, ‘disturbed’ or ‘pathological’, on the other. The increase in well-being and happiness, assisted by psychotechnics, no longer corresponds to the traditional psychotherapeutic mandate. This development and the role of “psychoprostheses” must be seen closely or even critically.