La limiting the system of criminal control to the prosecution of street crimes requires an autonomous definition of the subject matter of the Criminology, resulting in social harm. The aim of the work is to identify the treatment of asbestos in Brazil and the world, affecting the discursive conflict that hides the countless deaths it causes. It analyses, through the dialectic method, the appropriation of medical speech by the legislature and the judiciary. From the counterbalance of the perceived interpretations, the attempt is made to protect the interests of capital.