By understanding education as a living dialogue between generations, the reflection brings together school education and maintaining civilizatory achievements, including democracy. Following the modern Republican revolutions, the new forms of government are guided by universal citizenship and the principle that it is always reasonable to share responsibility for choices with all those involved. The challenge, therefore, is to qualify the opinions of all, from the perspective that the general understanding can be as qualified as possible. This is where the school’s task is to become a producer of belonging to the new ways of life. It is particularly specific to the nature of the knowledge it conveys. In that sense, the concept of an extended rationality, geared to the construction of intersubjective understandings, offers the horizon for distinguishing the type of knowledge that must be provided in schools.