The purpose of this article is to analyse the influence of the business environment on the competitiveness of SMEs in Cameroon. The prescribed probit model is used. The results of the work show that many of the variables of the business environment have a positive and significant influence on the competitiveness of SMEs, namely: the ‘level of access to credit’, the ‘simplification of administrative formalities’, the ‘level of infrastructure’, while the ‘level of taxes’ and the ‘level of corruption’ have a negative and significant impact on the competitiveness of SMEs.