GIS is a tool of great interest for the representation and analysis of historical data. Having worked with them for more than 15 years, the aim of this Article is twofold. On the one hand, to present some of the research carried out with GIS into the territory, economy and spiritual landscape of medieval times. On the other hand, reflect on the usefulness of GIS in historical research: their opportunities, successes and limitations. The experience of working with GIS shows that they are a useful platform for historical analysis, although their potential is much greater than we are able to take advantage of those who use them in our research in a self-taught manner. Such an obstacle can only be overcome by setting up interdisciplinary teams able to address the main challenges of the future: 3D analysis and use of complex algorithms.