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Article

Spanish

ID: <

oai:doaj.org/article:6c9739ae7c494c49888a4aa32af4c09f

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Microbial biogeography: a priority in research on biological diversity

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to highlight the lack of knowledge about microbial diversity, bearing in mind that the role of micro-organisms in favour of humanity is essential through numerous processes that benefit humans, plants and animals. In biodiversity studies, work has traditionally focused on flora and fauna, neglecting microbial populations; as Peru is a megadiverso country, no reference is made, however, to the microbial component whose diversity must be in the same proportion. The studies also focus on the effects of microoganisms on humans, plants and animals (pathogens). Very little or nothing is known about the effects of anthropic intervention on these through the various soil farming systems. Microbial diversity in one centimetre of amazonic soil or in one gram of sludge from a coastal wetland is still a mystery. Pioneering studies in the Peruvian Amazon report on variability in the occurrence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorry-forming fungi, as well as the effects of soil management on these micro-organisms. Knowledge of microbial populations and their functioning can greatly contribute to solving environmental problems in different geographical areas in the country. Microbial biogeography is presented as a priority in research on biological diversity. This article sets out a number of recommendations and guidelines for the conduct of this research. The purpose of the present paper is to advance the lack of knowledge on microbial diversity considering the fundamental role microorganisms render to humankind through the various processes they intervene for the benefit of humans, plants and animals. In studies on biodiversity, work Traditionally was centralised to flora and fauna, negating the microbial component. Peru is considered a country of megadiversity in biological terms, however, there are no references to the microbial resource whose diversity should exist in the same proportion. Additionally, studies are fostered on the effects of micro-organisms on humans, plants and animals (patoghens). Very little or nothing is known on the effects of human intervention to microbes through the various systems of soil use. Microbial diversity in a cubic centimeter from an amazon soil or one gram of MUD from a coastal Marsh is still a Mistery. Pioneer studies conducted in the Peruvian amazon showed the variable occurrence of nitrogen fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi and the effects of soil management on these microganisms. The knowledge of microbial populations and their functioning can equally contribute to solve enviromental problems in different geography landscapes in the country. Microbial biogeography is presented in this paper as a priority in research on biological diversity. Some recommendations and guidelines are proposed to this respect.

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