What we analyse in the king Pap of Armenia episode is how Ammianus describesa complex political and religious background, by using a rhetorical approach and a very varied narrative and dramatic register: a fictional plot, full of adventures, theatrical and dramatic, diversein its staging and striking and impressive in its details. The fictionalization of the account and the use of the rhetoric, aided by many contrasts, ominous prolepses, defined characterizations, theatrical re-enactments, and details (rather than facts) which converge to make a banal historical reality but one that is attractive for the reader, will mask a historical truth, but they serve the ultimate aim of the historian: the decadence of Romewas not only due to Adrianopolis, but to the loss of the moral values. In sum, a good example of fictionalized history.