This article focuses on the analysis and understanding of the main motivations of the migration flows of the Colombian population between 1990 and 2015 through a gravitational model, addressing economic, social, political, cultural and geographical factors. The document is divided into five sections in addition to the introduction: the first defines the theoretical reference framework; the second contains a brief historical account of the international migration of the Colombian population; the third section details methodological considerations as well as variables and data sources; the fourth section provides the results of the application of the gravitational model; finally, final reflections are presented in the form of a conclusion. Among the main findings of this study is that favourable socio-economic conditions in the place of employment, a high level of education and increased accumulated human capital enhance mobility; physical distance, support networks and migration policies play a major role in shaping mobility patterns; violence, inequality, unemployment and linguistic proximity do not appear as determinants of emigration, while the coloniality relationship does appear to be significant.