El problem of inequality in Chile has been addressed from different points of view, such as the issue of wealth distribution and access to social rights. This is the same problem but from the perspective recently outlined by social movements: environmental racism or unequal distribution of development and consumption waste. This briefly reviews the main conflicts that have arisen in the last time throughout the country between public and private companies and local and original communities. It also examines the forms of organisation that the latter have assumed and the current state of articulation between them. The review of the situation concludes that we are faced with the emergence of a new type of actor, which stems from the contradictions of the neoliberal Chile and which differs from the environmental movement by linking its claims to the defence of the territory and the right to self-determination of peoples.