Summary In this article we will describe the meanings of borders as social trainings with a specific history, concentrating practices, speeches and actions that make sense of the model of social regulation that is currently seen from that history. We will analyse the geophysical and symbolic borders that formed from the installation of the Virreinato del Río de la Plata and which were consolidated in the current territory of the Republic of Argentina. In this regard, we will describe throughout this work the relationship that developed around these borders between the country’s indigenous communities and colonial representatives, the various state officials (from 1880 to the present) and the public policies implemented by national bodies. We will finalise our work by describing the current public policies implemented in the village of Pampa del Indio in the province of Chaco. We will analyse how these policies generate territorialities marked by an asymmetry in power relations. We will describe the ways in which physical and symbolic violence against indigenous peoples has been and continues to be exercised, considering how the borders with this ethnic population have historically been formed.