A number of attempts have been made to establish Mexico’s psychological typology, supported by biotypological and psychosomatic data, developments and thesis relating to eugenic doctrine, which even led to the promotion of a criminal biology service to detect individuals regarded as carrying hereditary characteristics that give rise to behaviour classified as antisocial, such as the locure and fragility of the nervous system, which were linked to various mental conditions such as crime. Elements derived from legal medicine proposed by the English psychiatrist Henry Maudsley, from the Italian criminal anthropology of Cesare Lombroso and from the French anthropometric school, were used as frameworks for science to detect, explain and resolve mental health phenomena by prominent Mexican psychiatrists, criminologists and legal doctors, with significant influence in the field of public health between the 1930s and 1960s. Institutions such as the Mexican eugenesia Society for the Improvement of Raza, the Mexican Society of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Mexican Academy of Criminal Sciences, among others, are essential for the implementation of mental health programmes and legislative aspects.