The 21st century has seen the emergence of what Martin Shaw calls risk transfer militarism, which would have already been implemented in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. A new strategy of the Western powers which reduces the political costs of armed interventions by shifting the risk to the opposite side, i.e. the non-Western enemies characterised by the death of the enemy armed forces, the involvement of local allies who are most at risk, the small accidental massacres of civilians, control of the media and the existence of indirect civilian casualties. This would allow the author to say that, together with the resurgence of the just war, new means of delegitimising armed conflicts and justifying historical pacifism also reemerge.